How to diagnose and manage male testosterone deficiency

Male testosterone deficiency (TD) is a relatively common condition that affects approximately 9% of middle-aged men.1 Among its more recognised symptoms, such as decreased libido, fatigue, and loss of muscle mass, TD is associated with the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and cognitive decline.2 Furthermore, Diabetes UK estimates that approximately 25% of all male patients with type 2 diabetes have lower than normal levels of testosterone.3 Despite its increasing prevalence and ease of diagnosis, TD remains largely under-investigated and untreated in primary care, possibly due to a misunderstanding of the condition and a misperception of its influence on male health. But,