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The concept of informed consent is based on an individual's basic human right to make their own decisions and pursue their own goals. However, a diagnosis of dementia or other form of cognitive impairment can affect mental capacity.

When a patient with Alzheimer's disease displays sexually inappropriate behaviour, this often upsets the equilibrium of patient care and needs careful management.

With growing evidence to support its relation to risk, microalbuminuria is becoming more widely recognised as an important marker in cardiovascular disease.

Neoplastic change increases with age but many cancers in the older patient are occult until a clinically important event causes rapid decline.

Primary progressive aphasia is a more rare and underdiagnosed condition often mistaken for frontotemporal dementia or Pick's disease. This article will help clinicians differentiate it from Alzheimer's disease and other causes of dementia.

This article considers some of the spiritual, social and physical benefits of the pilgrimage to Mecca and review the potential risks healthcare professionals need to be aware of as many can be mitigated with appropriate preparation.

Acute posterior vitreous detachment is a common cause of unilateral floaters and flashes in the eyes. These visual experiences are frightening for the patient.

Clostridium difficile infection is recognised as a frequent cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in patients admitted to hospitals in the UK.

Recognised risk factors for glaucoma now include elevated intraocular pressure, age, race, family history, myopia and corneal thickness.

Problems with feeding and malnutrition are common in dementia. The consequences are often serious and worsen with disease progression.

Erectile dysfunction is one of the most common sexual problems and affects around half of all men over 40 years at some point. It becomes more common and severe as men get older.

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is largely a disease of the elderly and is commonly associated with hypertension and renal dysfunction.

Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop in blood pressure. This article looks at the causes, investigations and treatment of orthostatic hypotension.

Diabetic neuropathy is a major healthcare challenge. Ulceration, deep infection and Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle are all consequent upon diabetic neuropathy.

Science minister Malcolm Wicks suggested that monitoring tags could help families or carers track older people who have specific illnesses such as dementia.